Learn the essential computer science fundamentals that power all modern software — including how code runs, what memory and CPU do, and how programming languages interact with machines. No prior experience needed. This course builds the mindset and foundation for programming, DSA, and interviews.
Computers work at the most fundamental level using electricity — either ON or OFF (1 or 0). Logic gates help us build decisions using these binary signals. Bitwise operators allow us to perform low-level data operations using those same binary principles.
Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any digital circuit. They perform logical operations on one or more binary inputs to produce a single binary output.
| Gate | Symbol | Function |
|---|---|---|
| AND | A · B | Returns 1 if both A and B are 1 |
| OR | A + B | Returns 1 if at least one of A or B is 1 |
| NOT | ¬A | Returns the opposite of A |
Example: AND Gate
| A | B | A AND B |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
Bitwise operators allow direct manipulation of individual bits within an integer. They're useful in performance-critical or low-level programming.
& — Bitwise AND| — Bitwise OR^ — Bitwise XOR~ — Bitwise NOT<< — Left Shift>> — Right Shift// Binary of 5 → 0101 // Binary of 3 → 0011 5 & 3 → 0001 → 1 5 | 3 → 0111 → 7 5 ^ 3 → 0110 → 6 ~5 → 1010 (inverted bits)
In the next chapter, we’ll explore How Web Applications Work — understanding the backend, frontend, and server-client model.