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Introduction to Programming in C

Start your programming journey with one of the most powerful and foundational languages — C. This comprehensive course is designed for absolute beginners as well as intermediate learners who want to build a solid understanding of programming using the C language. Whether you're preparing for college-level programming, cracking technical interviews, or planning to explore systems or embedded development, this course covers everything step-by-step. Through hands-on examples, real-world practice problems, and structured explanations, you’ll learn how to write clean and efficient C code — from your first printf() to advanced data structures and memory management.

📚 35 Chapters🎓 Self-paced learning⏱ Lifetime access

Loops in C (for, while, do-while)

📘 Loops in C (for, while, do-while)

In programming, loops are used to execute a block of code multiple times until a specified condition is met. C provides three main types of loops: for, while, and do-while. Mastering loops allows you to build powerful and efficient logic for repetitive tasks.

🔁 Why Use Loops?

To avoid writing repetitive code
To iterate through arrays and collections
To run code based on conditions until it’s false
To automate repetitive tasks like printing patterns, summing numbers, etc.

🔹 The `for` Loop

Used when the number of iterations is known beforehand.

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    printf("Iteration %d\n", i);
}

This will print:

Iteration 1
Iteration 2
Iteration 3
Iteration 4
Iteration 5

🔹 The `while` Loop

Used when the number of iterations is not known and depends on a condition.

int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
    printf("Value = %d\n", i);
    i++;
}

🔹 The `do-while` Loop

Executes the block at least once, then checks the condition.

int i = 1;
do {
    printf("i = %d\n", i);
    i++;
} while (i <= 5);

💡 Key Differences

Loop Type	Condition Checked	Use Case
for	Before iteration	Known iteration count
while	Before iteration	Unknown iteration count
do-while	After iteration	At least one execution needed

📘 Nested Loops

A loop inside another loop. Used for pattern printing and 2D arrays.

for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
    for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) {
        printf("%d ", j);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

🔂 Infinite Loop Example

while (1) {
    printf("This will run forever unless you break it.\n");
}

⚠️ Loop Control Statements

break; – exit from the loop immediately
continue; – skip current iteration and go to the next

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    if (i == 3) continue;
    printf("%d ", i);
}
// Output: 1 2 4 5

📚 Real-Life Example (UdaanPath)

Suppose UdaanPath wants to list top 10 trending courses on the homepage:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    printf("Course #%d: Learn Programming\n", i + 1);
}

📝 Practice Tasks

Print all numbers from 1 to 100 using for, while, and do-while.
Print multiplication table of a number using loops.
Write a program to calculate the factorial of a number using a loop.
Print a pattern like:
1
1 2
1 2 3
... up to N rows using nested loops.

📌 Summary

Loops are essential for executing repetitive tasks efficiently.
Choose for for known iterations, while for conditional, and do-while when code must run at least once.
Loop control statements like break and continue provide more control within loops.

✅ Coming Next

In the next chapter, we’ll explore Functions in C — how to declare, define, and use functions, including recursion.

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